Ancient India includes the Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic traditions, early kingdoms and republics, long-distance trade, philosophical schools, religious movements, and major developments in literature, science, mathematics, and art.
Early urban life
Indus Valley cities show evidence of planned streets, drainage systems, craft production, weights, trade, and urban organization.
Knowledge traditions
Ancient Indian knowledge systems included grammar, astronomy, medicine, mathematics, logic, statecraft, and philosophical debate.
Political history
The Maurya and Gupta periods are often discussed for administration, inscriptions, art, literature, trade, and cultural exchange.